"ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer related death in the developed world. To date, no blood or stool biomarkers with both high sensitivity and specificity for potentially curable early stage disease have been validated for clinical use. SELDI and MALDI profiling are being used increasingly to search for biomarkers in both blood and urine. Both techniques provide information predominantly on the low molecular weight proteome (<15 kDa).

"INTRODUCTION: Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men and the ninth most common cancer in women in Canada. Early detection of tumours is essential for improved prognosis and long-term survival. The standard method for detection and surveillance is cystoscopy together with urine cytology. Cystoscopy is relatively sensitive but is expensive and invasive. Urinary cytology is a noninvasive method that has poor sensitivity but high specificity; it is relied on for the detection of carcinoma in situ.

"Transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder have diverse biological and functional characteristics. Surveillance strategies for bladder cancer recurrence have historically relied on the diagnostic combination of cystoscopy and urinary cytology. However, the accuracy of both tests depends on subjective and operator-dependent interpretations of the visible findings. In contrast, promoter hypermethylation of CpG islands is strongly associated with tumor development and prognosis of bladder cancer.

"BACKGROUND: The proteome varies with physiologic and disease states. Few studies have been reported that differentiate the proteome of those with pancreatic cancer. AIM: To apply proteomic-based technologies to body fluids. To differentiate pancreatic neoplasia from nonneoplastic pancreatic disease. METHODS: Samples from 50 patients (15 healthy (H), 24 cancer (Ca), 11 chronic pancreatitis (CP)) were prospectively collected and underwent analysis.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer related death in the developed world. To date, no blood or stool biomarkers with both high sensitivity and specificity for potentially curable early stage disease have been validated for clinical use. SELDI and MALDI profiling are being used increasingly to search for biomarkers in both blood and urine. Both techniques provide information predominantly on the low molecular weight proteome (<15 kDa).

Assays measuring SMRP (mesothelin) and HE4 (a secreted protease) in serum and other body fluids (including urine for SMRP) are likely to be clinically useful for patients with ovarian cancer, as data indicate that they complement CA125 for diagnosis and monitoring of patients. Both markers have temporal stability, as does CA125, which may be utilized to facilitate earlier diagnosis by performing longitudinal studies on high risk subjects. Preliminary data show autoantibodies to native mesothelin in some patients with ovarian carcinoma and in some healthy women.

PURPOSE: Prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) has shown promise as a molecular marker in prostate cancer detection. We assessed the association of urinary PCA3 score with prostatectomy tumor volume and other clinical and pathological features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urine specimens were collected after digital rectal examination from 59 men scheduled for prostate biopsy and 83 men scheduled for radical prostatectomy. Prostatectomy findings were evaluable for 96 men. PCA3 and prostate specific antigen mRNAs were quantified with Gen-Probe DTS 400 System.