"In this new era of cancer genomics, large-scale queries of whole genomic characteristics are now possible not only for research and biological understanding, but also for molecular profiling in the context of patient management and care. Here, we will examine genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic methods of characterizing tumors that may play a role in early diagnosis, classification, prognosis, therapeutic guidance and recurrence surveillance during the entire progression of the disease and treatment cycle. We examine all the technological advances and biological discoveries that enable new exciting frontiers of molecular profiling, and also provide a glimpse of emerging and future applications of these methods in a clinical setting."